Ultrasonic examination is primarily used to locate which types of discontinuities?

Ultrasonic examination is an advanced testing method primarily utilized to detect various types of discontinuities within materials. One of its key strengths is the ability to identify discontinuities not only at the surface but also beneath it, which is essential for ensuring the integrity of welded structures and other critical components.

The method employs high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted into the material being tested. When these sound waves encounter a discontinuity, such as a crack or void, they are reflected back to the transducer. This reflection provides information about the size, shape, and position of the discontinuity.

Specifically, ultrasonic testing can locate surface defects, which are directly observable from the exterior of the material, as well as sub-surface defects that may be hidden beneath the surface layers. Additionally, it is capable of identifying discontinuities on the opposite surface of the material. This comprehensive detection capability makes ultrasonic examination a versatile tool in the field of welding inspection and metallurgy, allowing inspectors to assess the integrity of welds and materials with confidence.

In contrast, other options suggest limitations that do not accurately reflect the full range of imperfections detectable by ultrasonic testing. The ability to detect a wide variety of discontinuities, including both surface and subsurface types, is what makes option B the