Liquid penetrant examination is primarily used for detecting which type of discontinuities?

Liquid penetrant examination is primarily employed to detect surface discontinuities. This non-destructive testing method involves applying a penetrant to the surface of a material, allowing it to seep into any surface-breaking flaws. Once the penetrant has adequately penetrated these flaws, it is typically followed by a developer that draws the penetrant out, creating a visible indication of any discontinuities present on the surface.

This technique is well-suited for identifying various types of surface defects, including cracks, porosity, and other irregularities that may compromise the integrity of a component. While certain defects or inconsistencies can manifest beneath the surface, liquid penetrant examination is not designed to detect sub-surface discontinuities effectively. Other methods, such as ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing, are better suited for identifying these deeper issues.

In conclusion, the primary functionality of liquid penetrant examination focuses on making surface defects observable, making it an essential tool in the field of welding inspection and metallurgical evaluation.