Eddy current testing works on which of the following types of materials?

Eddy current testing is a non-destructive testing method that relies on electromagnetic induction to detect flaws in conductive materials. The fundamental principle involves inducing eddy currents in a conductive material using a changing magnetic field, which then generates a secondary magnetic field. The presence of these eddy currents and their characteristics—such as phase shifts and amplitude changes—can reveal defects like cracks or conductive path interruptions.

Electrically conductive materials, such as metals and certain alloys, are the primary candidates for eddy current testing. This method is effective in identifying surface and near-surface defects in materials like aluminum, copper, and steel. Because non-conductive materials do not allow for the flow of electric currents, tools like eddy current testing cannot be applied to them. Similarly, ferrous metals and ceramics do not encompass the entire range of materials tested by this method, as ferrous metals can be limiting in terms of their magnetic properties, and ceramics are typically insulators that do not conduct electricity, making them unsuitable for eddy current techniques.